Menene wanirobot masana'antu?
"Robot"kalma ce mai ma'ana mai fa'ida wacce ke canzawa sosai. An haɗa abubuwa daban-daban, kamar injinan ɗan adam ko manyan injina waɗanda mutane ke shiga suna sarrafa su.
An fara aiwatar da robobin a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Karel Chapek a farkon karni na 20, sannan an nuna su a cikin ayyuka da yawa, kuma an fitar da kayayyakin da aka sanya wa sunan wannan suna.
A cikin wannan mahallin, mutum-mutumi a yau ana ɗaukarsa bambanta, amma an yi amfani da mutummutumi na masana'antu a masana'antu da yawa don tallafawa rayuwarmu.
Baya ga masana'antar kera motoci da na motoci da masana'antar injuna da karafa, yanzu ana amfani da robobin masana'antu a masana'antu daban-daban, gami da masana'antu na semiconductor da dabaru.
Idan muka ayyana mutummutumi na masana'antu ta fuskar matsayi, za mu iya cewa injina ne da ke taimakawa haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu saboda galibi suna yin aiki mai nauyi, aiki mai nauyi, da kuma aikin da ke buƙatar takamaiman maimaitawa, maimakon mutane.
TarihinRobots masana'antu
A Amurka, an haifi mutum-mutumi na farko na masana'antar kasuwanci a farkon shekarun 1960.
An gabatar da shi ga Japan, wanda ke cikin saurin bunƙasa a cikin rabin na biyu na 1960s, yunƙurin kera da sayar da robobin cikin gida sun fara a cikin 1970s.
Bayan haka, saboda girgizar mai guda biyu a cikin 1973 da 1979, farashin ya tashi kuma an ƙarfafa ƙarfin rage farashin samar da kayayyaki, wanda zai mamaye duk masana'antar.
A shekarar 1980, mutum-mutumi ya fara yaduwa cikin sauri, kuma an ce ita ce shekarar da mutum-mutumin ya shahara.
Manufar amfani da mutum-mutumin da wuri shine don maye gurbin ayyukan da ake buƙata a masana'antu, amma robots kuma suna da fa'idar ci gaba da aiki da ingantaccen aiki maimaituwa, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a yau don haɓaka haɓakar masana'antu. Filin aikace-aikacen yana faɗaɗa ba kawai a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu ba har ma a fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da sufuri da dabaru.
Tsarin mutum-mutumi
Robots na masana'antu suna da tsari irin na jikin ɗan adam ta yadda suke ɗaukar aiki maimakon mutane.
Misali, idan mutum ya motsa hannunsa, yakan aika umarni daga kwakwalwarsa ta jijiyoyi da motsa tsokoki na hannu don motsa hannunsa.
Robot na masana'antu yana da hanyar da ke aiki a matsayin hannu da tsokoki, da kuma mai sarrafawa wanda ke aiki a matsayin kwakwalwa.
Bangaren injina
Robot na'ura ce ta inji. Ana samun mutum-mutumin a ma'aunin nauyi daban-daban kuma ana iya amfani da shi gwargwadon aikin.
Bugu da ƙari, robot yana da haɗin gwiwa da yawa (wanda ake kira haɗin gwiwa), wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
Naúrar sarrafawa
Mai sarrafa mutum-mutumi ya dace da mai sarrafawa.
Mai sarrafa mutum-mutumi yana yin lissafin bisa ga shirin da aka adana kuma yana ba da umarni ga motar servo bisa wannan don sarrafa robot.
An haɗa mai kula da mutum-mutumin zuwa abin lanƙwasa koyarwa azaman hanyar sadarwa don sadarwa tare da mutane, da kuma akwatin aiki sanye take da maɓallan farawa da tsayawa, maɓallan gaggawa, da sauransu.
Ana haɗa mutum-mutumin da na’urar sarrafa mutum-mutumi ta hanyar kebul ɗin sarrafawa wanda ke watsa ikon motsa mutum-mutumi da sigina daga mai sarrafa mutum-mutumi.
Robot da mai sarrafa mutum-mutumi suna ba da damar hannu tare da motsin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don motsawa cikin yardar kaina bisa ga umarnin, amma kuma suna haɗa na'urori na gefe bisa ga aikace-aikacen don yin takamaiman aiki.
Dangane da aikin, akwai na'urori daban-daban masu hawa mutum-mutumi da ake kira End Effectors (kayan aiki), waɗanda ake ɗora su a kan tashar da ake ɗaurawa da su da ake kira injiniyan kwamfuta a ƙarshen robot.
Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar haɗa na'urori masu mahimmanci, ya zama robot don aikace-aikacen da ake so.
※Misali, wajen waldawar baka, ana amfani da bindigar walda a matsayin abin qarshe, sannan ana amfani da na’urar samar da wutar lantarki da na’urar ciyarwa a haxa ta da mutum-mutumin a matsayin kayan aiki na gefe.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin azaman raka'a don gano mutum-mutumi don gane yanayin da ke kewaye. Yana aiki a matsayin idanu (hangen nesa) da fata (tabawa).
Ana samun bayanan abun kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar firikwensin, kuma ana iya sarrafa motsin na'urar kamar yadda yanayin abun yake ta amfani da wannan bayanin.
Injin Robot
Lokacin da aka rarraba manipulator na mutum-mutumi na masana'antu ta hanyar inji, an raba shi kusan zuwa nau'i hudu.
1 Cartesian Robot
Hannun suna motsa su ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar fassarar, wanda ke da fa'idodi na tsayin daka da tsayin daka. A gefe guda, akwai rashin lahani cewa kewayon aiki na kayan aiki yana da kunkuntar dangane da yankin hulɗar ƙasa.
2 Robot Silinda
Hannun farko yana motsawa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Ya fi sauƙi don tabbatar da kewayon motsi fiye da mutum-mutumi mai daidaitawa na rectangular.
3 Polar Robot
Hannun farko da na biyu ana motsa su ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na rotary. Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce, yana da sauƙi don tabbatar da kewayon motsi fiye da na'urar haɗin gwiwar siliki. Duk da haka, lissafin matsayi ya zama mafi rikitarwa.
4 Injin Robot
Wani mutum-mutumi wanda duk makamai ke motsa su ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa yana da babban kewayon motsi dangane da jirgin ƙasa.
Ko da yake rikiɗar aikin na da lahani, ƙwarewar kayan aikin lantarki ya ba da damar sarrafa hadaddun ayyuka cikin sauri, wanda ya zama babban jigon na'urar mutum-mutumi na masana'antu.
Af, yawancin mutum-mutumi na masana'antu na nau'in mutum-mutumin na'ura mai kwakwalwa suna da gatari guda shida. Wannan saboda matsayi da matsayi ana iya ƙaddara ta hanyar ba da yanci ta digiri shida.
A wasu lokuta, yana da wuya a kula da matsayi na 6-axis dangane da siffar aikin aiki. (Misali, lokacin da ake buƙatar nannade)
Don jimre wa wannan yanayin, mun ƙara ƙarin axis zuwa jeri na robot ɗinmu na axis 7 kuma mun ƙara haƙurin hali.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-25-2025
