Duniya ta farkorobot masana'antuan haife shi a Amurka a shekara ta 1962. Injiniya Ba'amurke George Charles Devol, Jr. ya ba da shawarar "wani mutum-mutumin da zai iya mayar da martani ga aiki da kai ta hanyar koyarwa da sake kunnawa". Tunaninsa ya haifar da hasashe tare da ɗan kasuwa Joseph Frederick Engelberger, wanda aka fi sani da "mahaifin mutum-mutumi", don hakarobot masana'antumai suna "Unimate (= abokin aiki tare da damar duniya)" an haife shi.
Dangane da ISO 8373, robots masana'antu sune masu sarrafa haɗin gwiwa da yawa ko na'urori masu yanci masu yawa don filin masana'antu. Robots masana'antu na'urori ne na inji waɗanda ke yin aiki kai tsaye kuma injina ne waɗanda ke dogaro da ikon kansu da ikon sarrafawa don cimma ayyuka daban-daban. Yana iya karɓar umarnin ɗan adam ko aiki bisa ga shirye-shiryen da aka riga aka tsara. Robots na masana'antu na zamani kuma suna iya aiki bisa ga ƙa'idodi da jagororin da fasahar fasaha ta wucin gadi ta ƙera.
Aikace-aikace na al'ada na mutummutumi na masana'antu sun haɗa da walda, zanen, taro, tarawa da sanyawa (kamar marufi, palletizing da SMT), binciken samfur da gwaji, da dai sauransu; An kammala duk aikin tare da inganci, karko, sauri da daidaito.
Saitunan mutum-mutumin da aka fi amfani da su sune mutum-mutumi, mutum-mutumi na SCARA, mutum-mutumi na delta, da robobin Cartesian (mutumin sama ko na xyz). Robots suna nuna nau'ikan 'yancin kai daban-daban: an tsara wasu robots don aiwatar da takamaiman ayyuka akai-akai (maimaitawa) cikin aminci, ba tare da bambance-bambance ba, kuma tare da cikakken daidaito. Ana ƙayyade waɗannan ayyukan ta hanyar shirye-shirye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun alkibla, haɓakawa, saurin gudu, raguwa, da nisa na jerin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa. Sauran robots sun fi sassauƙa, saboda suna iya buƙatar gano wurin da wani abu yake ko ma aikin da za a yi a kan abin. Misali, don ingantacciyar jagora, mutum-mutumi yakan haɗa da na'urorin hangen nesa na na'ura azaman firikwensin gani, wanda aka haɗa da kwamfutoci masu ƙarfi ko masu sarrafawa. Hankali na wucin gadi, ko duk wani abu da aka yi kuskure da basirar wucin gadi, yana ƙara zama muhimmin abu a cikin robobin masana'antu na zamani.
George Devol ya fara ba da shawarar manufar wani mutum-mutumi na masana'antu kuma ya nemi takardar izini a 1954. (An ba da takardar shaidar a 1961). A cikin 1956, Devol da Joseph Engelberger sun kafa Unimation, bisa tushen asali na Devol. A cikin 1959, an haifi mutum-mutumi na farko na masana'antu na Unimation a Amurka, wanda ya haifar da sabon zamani na haɓaka mutum-mutumi. Daga baya Unimation ta ba da lasisin fasahar ta ga Kawasaki Heavy Industries da GKN don kera mutum-mutumin masana'antu Unimates a Japan da Ingila, bi da bi. Na ɗan lokaci, abokin hamayyar Unimation kawai shine Cincinnati Milacron Inc. a Ohio, Amurka. Koyaya, a ƙarshen 1970s, wannan yanayin ya canza sosai bayan da manyan kamfanonin Japan da yawa suka fara kera irin wannan mutummutumi na masana'antu. Robots na masana'antu sun tashi cikin sauri a Turai, kuma ABB Robotics da KUKA Robotics sun kawo robobi a kasuwa a cikin 1973. A ƙarshen 1970s, sha'awar robotics yana ƙaruwa, kuma yawancin kamfanonin Amurka sun shiga cikin filin, ciki har da manyan kamfanoni irin su General Electric da General Motors (wanda kamfanin haɗin gwiwa tare da FANUC Robotics na Japan FANUC suka kafa). Farawa na Amurka sun haɗa da Fasahar Automatix da Adept. A lokacin bunƙasar aikin mutum-mutumi a cikin 1984, Westinghouse Electric ta sami Unimation akan dala miliyan 107. Westinghouse ya sayar da Unimation ga Stäubli Faverges SCA a Faransa a cikin 1988, wanda har yanzu yana yin robobi na keɓaɓɓu don aikace-aikacen masana'antu na gabaɗaya da kuma tsabtatawa, har ma ya sami sashin robotics na Bosch a ƙarshen 2004.
Ƙayyade Ma'auni Gyara Adadin Gatura - Ana buƙatar gatari biyu don samun ko'ina a cikin jirgin sama; Ana buƙatar gatari uku don isa ko'ina a sararin samaniya. Don cikakken sarrafa nuni na ƙarshen hannu (watau wuyan hannu), ana buƙatar wasu gatura uku (kwannonin, farar, da nadi). Wasu ƙira (irin su mutummutumi na SCARA) suna sadaukar da motsi don farashi, saurin gudu, da daidaito. Digiri na 'Yanci - Yawancin lokaci daidai yake da adadin gatari. Ambulan aiki - Wurin da ke cikin sararin samaniya wanda mutum-mutumi zai iya kaiwa. Kinematics – Haƙiƙanin daidaitawa na ƙayyadaddun abubuwa na jikin mutum-mutumi da haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke ƙayyade duk yuwuwar motsin mutum-mutumi. Nau'o'in kinematics na mutum-mutumi sun haɗa da fayyace, cardionic, layi ɗaya, da SCARA. Ƙarfin ƙarfi ko ƙarfin lodi - Nawa nauyin robot zai iya ɗagawa. Gudu - Yaya sauri robot zai iya samun matsayi na ƙarshen hannu zuwa matsayi. Ana iya siffanta wannan siga a matsayin saurin kusurwa ko madaidaiciyar kowane axis, ko azaman saurin haɗaɗɗiya, ma'ana dangane da saurin ƙarshen hannu. Hanzarta - Yadda sauri axis zai iya haɓakawa. Wannan ƙayyadaddun abu ne, saboda ƙila robot ɗin ba zai iya isa iyakar saurin sa ba yayin yin gajeriyar motsi ko hadaddun hanyoyi tare da sauyin shugabanci akai-akai. Daidaito - Yadda kusancin robot zai iya zuwa wurin da ake so. Ana auna daidaito gwargwadon yadda cikakken matsayin mutum-mutumi ya kasance daga inda ake so. Ana iya inganta daidaito ta amfani da na'urorin gano waje kamar tsarin hangen nesa ko infrared. Maimaituwa – Yadda yadda mutum-mutumi ke komawa wurin da aka tsara. Wannan ya bambanta da daidaito. Ana iya gaya wa zuwa wani matsayi na XYZ kuma yana zuwa cikin 1 mm kawai na wannan matsayi. Wannan matsala ce ta daidaito kuma ana iya gyara ta tare da daidaitawa. Amma idan an koyar da wannan matsayi kuma an adana shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar mai sarrafawa, kuma ya koma cikin 0.1 mm na matsayin da aka koyar a kowane lokaci, to maimaitawarsa yana cikin 0.1 mm. Daidaito da maimaitawa ma'auni daban-daban ne. Maimaituwa yawanci shine mafi mahimmancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na mutum-mutumi kuma yana kama da "daidaici" a ma'auni - dangane da daidaito da daidaito. TS EN ISO 9283 [8] ya kafa hanyoyin auna daidaito da maimaitawa. Yawanci, ana aika robot ɗin zuwa wurin koyarwa sau da yawa, kowane lokaci yana zuwa wasu wurare huɗu kuma yana komawa wurin koyarwa, kuma ana auna kuskuren. Ana ƙididdige maimaita maimaitawa azaman daidaitattun samfuran waɗannan samfuran a cikin girma uku. Robot na yau da kullun na iya samun kurakuran matsayi wanda ya wuce maimaitawa, kuma wannan na iya zama matsalar shirye-shirye. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sassa daban-daban na ambulaf ɗin aiki za su sami maimaitawa daban-daban, kuma maimaitawa kuma zai bambanta tare da saurin gudu da kaya. TS EN ISO 9283 ya ƙayyade cewa daidaito da maimaitawa ana auna su a matsakaicin saurin gudu da matsakaicin nauyin biya. Koyaya, wannan yana samar da bayanan da ba su da kyau, saboda daidaiton mutum-mutumi da maimaitawa zai yi kyau sosai a ƙananan kaya da sauri. Maimaituwa a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu kuma yana shafar daidaiton mai ƙare (kamar gripper) har ma da ƙirar "yatsu" a kan gripper da ake amfani da su don ɗaukar abu. Misali, idan mutum-mutumi ya ɗauki dunƙule a kansa, dunƙule na iya kasancewa a kusurwar bazuwar. Ƙoƙari na gaba na sanya dunƙule cikin rami mai yuwuwa ba zai yi nasara ba. Za'a iya inganta yanayi irin waɗannan ta hanyar "fasalolin jagora", kamar sanya ƙofar ramin tafe (chamfered). Sarrafa Motsi - Don wasu aikace-aikace, kamar sauƙi mai sauƙi da ayyukan taro, robot ɗin kawai yana buƙatar komawa da gaba tsakanin iyakacin adadin wuraren da aka riga aka koyar. Don ƙarin hadaddun aikace-aikace, kamar walda da zanen (zanen fesa), dole ne a ci gaba da sarrafa motsin tare da hanya a sararin samaniya a ƙayyadadden daidaitawa da sauri. Tushen wutar lantarki - Wasu mutummutumi na amfani da injinan lantarki, wasu kuma suna amfani da injin injin ruwa. Na farko yana da sauri, na ƙarshe ya fi ƙarfi kuma yana da amfani ga aikace-aikace kamar zanen inda tartsatsi na iya haifar da fashewa; duk da haka, iskar da ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin hannu tana hana shigar tururi mai ƙonewa da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa. Drive - Wasu mutummutumi suna haɗa motocin zuwa ga haɗin gwiwa ta kayan aiki; wasu kuma suna da injinan da aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa ga haɗin gwiwa (drive kai tsaye). Yin amfani da gears yana haifar da "lalata" mai aunawa, wanda shine motsi na kyauta na axis. Ƙananan makamai na robobi sukan yi amfani da manyan injina na DC masu ƙarfi, waɗanda yawanci suna buƙatar ƙimar gear mafi girma, waɗanda ke da lahani na koma baya, kuma a irin waɗannan lokuta ana amfani da masu rage kayan aiki masu jituwa. Yardawa - Wannan shine ma'auni na adadin kusurwa ko nisa wanda ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan gatari na robot zai iya motsawa. Saboda bin ka'ida, mutum-mutumin zai matsa kadan kadan yayin da yake dauke da matsakaicin nauyin kaya fiye da lokacin da ba ya dauke da kaya. Yarda kuma yana rinjayar adadin wuce gona da iri a cikin yanayin da ake buƙatar rage hanzari tare da babban kaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-15-2024
